Critical Organisational Analysis and Sustainability Free Essay Example, 2750 words

According to the preparation stage of the presentation, the planning of selecting key areas to be addressed in accordance with the predetermined objectives of the presentation activities were duly conducted. Therefore, the first meeting conducted on December 6th was highly focussed on discussing about the presentation topic and understanding the key areas to be addressed. However, the team was faced with certain issues associated with representing their own understanding towards the primary concern of the presentation. Thus, the decision of making Zainab as the group leader has helped the members to make effective arrangement of the presentation topic for each member within the group. The planning process of the presentation activities has played a major role for our presentation to identify and select key metaphors in accordance with the major goals of each presentation activity. During the process of selecting key metaphors of the organisations, an effective time management initia tive was conducted to accomplish the roles, significance and limitations of various metaphorical factors that provide sustainability of the organisations. Correspondingly, the potential limitations of the metaphors have also been considered that might have negative influence on the organisations to achieve long-term sustainability in any respective business industry. 2.2 Critical Analysis According to my own understanding and experience, the concept of culture metaphor significantly refers to the notion of internal culture of a particular organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Organisational Analysis and Sustainability or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Organisational culture plays a leading role for the organisations to establish long-term sustainability (Schein, 1992). With respect to the overall strategy of the presentation, I have identified that effective culture within the organisational environment tends to promote continuous innovation and strong communication network among each individual and performing activities towards achieving the shared goals of the organisation. Moreover, I have also identified that the adequate compliance with the internal culture may also lead the organisation to face various types of difficulties especially while seeking to expand business subsidiaries beyond the national boundaries (Schein, 1992). 2.3 Group Management and Relationship with Others Managing performance of each individual along with building strong relation among the members was one of the major goals of our presentation activities. According to the second group meeting, which was conducted on December 9th, the group leader had announced that the presentation activity would be conducted in six parts.

Essay on Advertising and Promotion - 3003 Words

Advertising and Promotion Advertising is a collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific commodities or services. Advertising is a form of mass selling, employed when the use of direct, person-to-person selling is impractical, impossible, or simply inefficient. It is to be distinguished from other activities intended to persuade the public, such as propaganda, publicity, and public relations. Advertising techniques range in complexity from the publishing of simple, straightforward notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to the concerted use of newspapers, magazines, television, radio, direct mail, and other communications media in the†¦show more content†¦ÃƒËœ Adverts that compare one product with another. Ø Adverts that use sex to sell the product. I can use this method of advertising to tell people about my product in such a way that the customers are persuaded to actually buy the product, or change their opinion and behaviour. Public relations Public relations is the department that trys to promote the product and show the good side of the company to the public. I can use this form of promotion to bring my name and products to the attention of the public and potential consumers. Its an advantage of creating a good image of my business and this may be done by issuing new stories of events surrounding itself to the press, or by associating my business with an event, such as sporting or celebrity event (rarely used). Other opportunities for Public relations in general include: open days where potential customers are invited into an organisation to see how it operates, in the hose newspapers that are circulated among employees and customers and getting celebrities to endorse a business or product. I will not take this option of having a celebrity to promote my product, as it is very expensive to hire a celebrity and also they wouldnt be even interested to visit my shop because its not a major large organisation, and there a re many retail business like mine situated all over theShow MoreRelatedAdvertising and Promotion2827 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Theoretical Understanding and Practical Application Of Advertising and Promotion in Business  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ Theoretical Understanding and Practical Application Of Advertising and Promotion in Business Submitted by: ( Name) ID No. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Programme Title: Edexcel BTECRead MoreAdvertising and Promotion1003 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising and Promotion Advertising is a form of commercial mass communication designed to promote the sale of a product or service and it also sends messages on behalf of an institution, organization, or candidate for political office. Advertising can be found in cultures from thousands of years ago dating back to 3000 BC in Babylonian times. Back then they only used graphic signs and word of mouth from town criers to promote their product to the people. Today we still use word of mouth ofRead MoreAdvertising Analysis : Promotion And Advertising1715 Words   |  7 PagesPromotion and Advertising The Text-Clip can be categorized as an unsought good, in that is not a necessary component to laptops or computers. Therefore it is essential that we are able to effectively communicate the capabilities of this product and how it could be of great use for our desired target market. The Text-Clip is an unsought good, which suggests it is a low involvement product that does not have a substantial effect on the lifestyle of the prospective consumer. Therefore the best way ofRead MoreTypes Of Advertising And Promotions1794 Words   |  8 Pagesgoing. The company has to use effective advertising and promotions to keep customers. This paper will examine several different types of advertising and promotions and their effectiveness on a business. Comparing and Contrasting Different Forms of Advertising For a company to advertise their product, they have several ways to do so. There is retail, trade, product, advocacy, comparison, online, business-to-business, and other various ways. Each advertising technique has its own way of helping theRead MoreAdvertising and Promotion of Trispecs12141 Words   |  49 Pagesand have guided me in all matters of this report. May Allah bless them! Amin. Assalamualaikum, Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude and thank to Allah s.w.t. because of His permission, this Advertising and Promotion Assignment 3 regarding to the topic ‘Prepare a promotion plan for Tri-Specs, Inc’ has successfully completed. I would like to take this opportunity to express my highest appreciation and thanks to those concerned. My thanks and gratitude are dedicated to my lecturerRead MorePanasonic Advertising and Promotion5463 Words   |  22 Pagesmedium varies depending upon the features of communication. For example, television, newspaper and billboards deliver message to customers in the form of marketing mix elements such as place, price, distribution and promotion. In Panasonic Corporation, they use the television advertising as one of their transmission devices. They paid for the time spends on their product advertisement. This is to promote and dissembles the information about Smart VIERA 3D TV to the mass audiences who are watching theRead MoreAdvertising and Promotions for Starbucks Essay645 Words   |  3 PagesAdvertising and Promotions for Starbucks Starbucks is known throughout the world for their handcrafted coffee products. Starbucks have plans to launch a new product line for the domestic and international markets. The new product consists of a soda bar that will offer variety of caffeinated beverages to noncoffee drinkers. Acquiring consumers to buy the new product advertising and promotion strategy is crucial for the product success. By launching the soda bar in CanadaRead MoreConsumer Advertising And The Promotion Of Information Essay894 Words   |  4 Pages Canada draws a distinction between direct-to-consumer advertising and the promotion of information through direct-to-consumer information (DTCI). DTCI aims to build consumer confidence that the information being relayed is informative and factual rather than for the purpose of promotional advertisement (Bà ©lisle-Pipon 259). It allows for the promotion of help-seeking and reminder advertisements but not product claim advertisements, in contrast to its permissible use in the United States. ReminderRead MoreAdvertising and Promotion Essay 21898 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertising is producing  information  for promoting the  sale  of products  or  services while promotion is an advancement of a  product or a point of  view  through publicity  or  advertising whereas trend is defined as a general direction in which something is developin g or changing according to time line. There are differences between  advertising  and  promotion despite the fact that both of these marketing tools use many of the same techniques and apply it for the very similar ends. Primary objective ofRead MoreAdvertising and Promotion Essay 312313 Words   |  50 PagesRequirement 1 | P 1.1 | Explain the communication process that applies to advertising and promotion. | 3 | P 1.2 | Explain the organisation of the advertising and promotions industry. | 5 | P 1.3 | Assess how promotion is regulated. | 7 | P 1.4M 1 | Examine current trends in advertising and promotion.How has the ICT impact the above organisation’s advertising and promotion. | 9 | Requirement 2 | P 2.1 | Explain the role of advertising in an integrated promotional strategy for a business or product decisions

Team assignment project Free Essays

The following project proposal defines why Struck made the decision to expand, what the role is of the consultant and Struck management on the project, the project goals, and the tools that will be used o manage the project. Problem and Opportunity By applying analysis techniques, namely SOOT, and STEEPLE, to company performance Struck gains clarity about the company’s strengths and weaknesses. Struck’ strengths include its reputation for innovation and creativity, frontrunner’s position of its industry with 9,000 cafes in 40 countries around the world, and its strong ethical values and mission. We will write a custom essay sample on Team assignment project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Company’s primary weakness is a lack of diversification, which created by its limited portfolio and distribution. Struck portfolio depends heavily on one primary’ product: coffee. Furthermore, the company hinders distribution potential by conducting 75% of its business within the United States. The company’s weakness presents an excellent purport nits: expansion. Expansion of the company’s portfolio and expansion into other countries enables the company to both increase presence within its current industry sect and establish presence in other sects (Rapid Business Intelligence Success – Streaming, 2013; Marketing Teacher, 201 3; Rapid Business Intelligence Success – Mission, 2013; Struck, 2013). Roles of the Cons Titan and Management There are certain roles the insulate and the Struck management team must perform to make the project successful. Because there is a lack of diversification, the consultant must focus on how to expand the product line for Struck. The consultant must determine how to create a greater global presence, keep the current clientele, and yet attract coffee drinkers around the globe to visit the Struck establishment. The consultant will need to determine whether the same menu items are equally popular in all areas of the country and if introducing new menu items is advantageous to all the restaurants. Finally, he consultant will need to determine if the diversified menu will be appropriate in other parts of the world. Consultant’s partner with management to get the job done. Management works with the consultants to provide them with as much information as possible. Management will need to communicate fully with the consultants and encourage the current employees to cooperate so the consultants can collect the most information possible. Defining the Project Goals Introduction of new products and rapid expansion of retail stores with new store concepts with all new distribution channels has to be he primary focus of Struck. To expand the market share, in United States as well as all the regions of its operations, Struck will expand its portfolio of products (Hickman Hickman, 2008). Struck main product is coffee, the company will focus to expand its operations into other beverages such as tea, grocery stores, rest stops, etc. For this purpose, than introducing a newly start marketing the products, it should concentrate to attain product acquisitions (Hickman Hickman, 2008). Since most of its operations are based out of United States, Struck will focus to increase its revenues by tarring more stores in emerging markets such as China, India, and Turkey. Tools, Processes, and Methodologies The goal is to expand globally. With this in mind, the consultant will use the association method to gain insight on the competition in the industry in the different desired locations. To ensure clients are frequently informed of the progression, and an outlet stays open for the need for further information, the consultant will maintain contact with the appropriate business managers. All activities will be logged to maintain a good record of the projects progression. This allows the consultant to reflect on the project, learn from the experience, and identify ways to improve future performance (Hickman, P; Hickman, L. 008). Another technique that will be used to manage the project is benchmarking. This method will be particularly helpful as this is a large project. Conclusion In conclusion, with the Struck expanding globally, the company will not only increase their current state of diversification, but also increase opportunity to own a presence in other business sectors, and ultimately increase revenue. The consu ltant on this project will work closely with key business leaders and SE the defined methods to manage the project. How to cite Team assignment project, Papers

Ethical and Legal Conflict Australian Medical Acts

Question: Discuss about theEthical and Legal Conflictfor Australian Medical Acts. Answer: Introduction Ethical and legal conflict affects the involved stakeholders either directly or indirectly. The intensity of the effect vary from one stakeholder to another and depending on the intensity different measures are adopted to counter such effects. From the case outlined the key stakeholders who are affected by the ethical and legal conflict includes the patient (Elsie), the paramedics, the Residential Aged care, the R.N and the patients family. The stakeholder mentioned above experiences a direct impact which requires a well-strategized procedure to reduce the impact. The community and institutions which take part in solving the conflict are indirectly affected by the conflict. Based on the states constitution all the involved stakeholder have their legal rights which when interfered with the offended stakeholder can sue the offender irrespective of social and economic class of the individual or group (Forrester Griffiths, 2010). The Australian medical acts outline the legal rights of patients which professionals and healthcares (RAC) need to be versant to when dealing with the patient (Kerridge, Lowe, Stewart, 2014). Alternatively, the act outlines the responsibilities of a health organisation (Atkins, Britton, Lacey, 2014). Health professionals are guided by the legal rights of the patient, legal responsibilities of the organisation and their scope as outlined in the organisation constitution. The code of conduct guiding the health professionals within their areas of specialisation need to be observed while dealing. Basically, in this paper, I will discuss some of the dilemma issues in health care professional, analyse the situation considering both perspectives that are law and ethic and finally give the right approach for the dilemma. Ethical and Legal Conflict Dignity and Rights of the Stakeholders Elsie Human dignity cannot separate or manipulate while human rights are formulated and implemented by individual or groups to govern and guide the interaction of different people within a state. Each and every stakeholder in a given setting has his/her right. Based on the Australian medical act Elsie has the right to making a decision concerning her treatment. In case Elsie is unconscious a trustee is consulted and required to fill the legal medical form. Elsie has the right access the better health services irrespective of her mental, financial or religious status (Exter, 2016). Despite her, condition Elsie has right to communication and quality services. Though Elsie has all these rights, she respects the family decision and also the suggestion given by the specialist. Registered Nurse The R.N has the right to be defended by the Nurse Association since she was attempting to save the life of Elsie. Based on the professional health act a registered nurse has the right to make a decision on treatment to be initiated to an unconscious patient (Fraser, Waters, Forster, Brown, 2014). Besides the rights her self-respect forces her to make a decision which she fills can save the lives of Elsie. It is unethical to watch a patient struggle while the professional can assist that patient Paramedics The paramedics have the right to be provided with clear information before attending to any patient. Additionally, its their right to make a decision concerning different issues encountered, and the organisation should defend them in case a negative result emerges which was behold their control (Gallagher Hodge, 2012). Considering this right the care should provide full protection to the paramedics. Considering the case of Elsie, the paramedics makes a decision to adopt a mechanism to help Elsie recover though the results turn negative. Additionally, before taking action the paramedics continuously consult Elsie, and it is until when the N.R commands for an action the paramedic acts. Family of the Patient The family has right to enquire information concerning Elsie, and in case the information is biased they can sue the organisation and the professionals involved in the process. When the treatment administered to Elsie had some unprofessional traces the family has the right to be compensated (Joly Knoppers, 2014). To enquire the truth, a legal process is required, and the initiative of suing the organisation indicates a level of legal respect. Principles and virtues of Health Care Ethics Autonomy Despite the fact that Elsie had the right to dictates control over her situation and body the R.N could advise her and give direction on her treatment. Any attempt leading to persuasion is considered to be a violation of the principle. Elsie making the decision to remain in the RAC is the best of her interest, and the decision remains whether or not the NR believes. Beneficence Based on this principle the NR is expected to apply all techniques for the benefit of Elsie (Ashcroft, 2015). The principle of beneficence is to ensure by employing skilled nurses. Additionally, testing the qualification of the nurses works perfectly in enhancing the principle. Being a registered nurse, it indicates that she is qualified a necessity in evaluating the principles Non-Maleficence This principle simply means doing no harm to the patient (Ashcroft, 2015). The principle guided the N.R to make the decision of implementing the advanced treatment hoping that the treatment will avoid blame in case the patient dies. When the paramedics are introducing the resuscitated, they are expecting positive results though the opposite happens Justice The principle ensures that fair ground is established when making a decision (Ashcroft, 2015). In our case, the NR is trying to create a fairground by consulting Elsie. When the situation changes, RN applied the principle of non-maleficence and decided to advance the treatment of the patient. From the case, the contradiction of the principles is experienced a situation which brings conflict. While trying to apply the right measures to relieve the patient as per the principle of beneficence, the Principe of justice is violated. Additionally, the principle of autonomy is violated while trying to fulfil the principle of non-maleficence. Codes of Professional Conducts Health professional need, to be honest with their heads and their patient. Being honest helps in extraction of information from the patients which the specialists uses to determine the right measure to be implemented. Integrity is another element professional should adopt and practice within their areas of specialisation. Such Professionals have access to organisation information, and from the information, they can make a convincing decision. Additionally, the patient can open up and disclose any information concerning their complication which the professional can use to treat the patient. Health professional need to be social. Through socialisation, professional learn different cultures within a setting thus increased cultural capability (Stanford Connor, 2014). A medical decision by culture is more convincing and satisfactory compared to those based on professional skills only. Alternatively, through socialisation, the gap between the specialist and the other involved stakeholders is bridged thus trust is developed which helps in solving some of the legal and ethical conflicts. Effect of the Conflict to the Involved Stakeholders Patient (Elsie) The ethical and legal conflict affect all the involved stakeholder. In the scenario, the conflict directly affects Elsie, R.N., paramedics, Residential Aged Care and the family. The conflict delays the treatment of the Elsie thus causing her death. Probably if an action was taken earlier, the patient issue might not have caused death. Additionally due to pressure imposed to the patient to admit the medical decision made by the specialists directly affects the patient. The absence of the conflict translate to full professional control over the patient and they can freely implement any measure provided it is geared toward seeking a solution for the patient complication. Taking the full control also will eliminate the pressure subjected to the patient while forced to make a decision on methods to be adopted to counter their complications. Professionals (R.N and Paramedics) The professionals are highly affected by the conflict in that their services are restricted. Any decision made by the professional and results negatively leaves the blame on the professional. The conflict affects the professionals psychologically restricting them from making the sober decision a factor which contributes significantly to the failure of some of the method adopted to counter complicated issues (Peirce Smith, 2013). Professional performance in health services is a measure of reliability and validity of the services an individual is offering to the customers. The conflict that exists between the ethical and legal reduces the ability of an individual to deliver quality services. The community expects the health professionals to deliver services which will deliver their people from complication. The conflict limits the power of the professional and aspect which has contributed to deaths of many patients. The community considers such cases to be ignorance of the professiona l an aspect which brings the difference between the professionals and the society. Healthcare (Residential Aged Care) The operation of any health care institution is guided by the mission and vision of the care. The conflict greatly influences the mission and the vision of the care ruining the progress of the care (Wall, 2012). The conflict leads to reduced quality of the services and high death rates in the care. Increased death rate translates to the conflict between the care and the community. Community acts as a great resource for the care since the majority of the customer who is served by the care are from the community. Increased gap between the two reduces the income of the care and reduced income dictates poor services and unqualified staffs. Additionally, the care is restricted to enjoy community services thus the cost of running and maintain the care shoots drastically. Since legally a health organisation is supposed to deliver quality and sufficient services the law forces the closure of the health care. Ethically a health organisation is supposed to make a decision based on the right me chanism to adopt to curb different health problems affecting the community. Family The family of the patient is highly affected both socially and psychologically (Townsend Luck, 2013). The conflict causes preventable death an aspect which brings a serious conflict between the professionals, the care and the family. The death of a breadwinner in a family translate to stress and deterioration of the family financially. Due to stress, some family members may suffer from mental problems. Social and psychological problems greatly affect people suffering from chronic disease, and they can cause death or worsening of their condition a situation which increases the family expense. Increased expenses translate to reduced standards of living and children within that family can be affected mainly on academic. Community The community depends on the health care for quality health services (Lundy, Janes, Lundy, 2014). Since ethic and legal conflict interferes with the quality of the services offered by the care, the community turns to be at great risk. Increased risk translates to the unhealthy community thus the community is affected economically. The unhealthy community is accompanied by high dependency ratio and inferiority regarding a political issue. The inferiority complex subjects the community to mistreat and disrespect of peoples right. Organisation dealing directly with the community use this loophole to mistreat the people and aspect which affects the development of the community. Resolutions for the Conflict Emphasis on professional code of conduct bridges the gap between the patient and the professionals (Willis, Reynolds, Keleher, 2012). Once the gap has been bridged medical decision made by the professionals are respected by the involved parties. Additionally, emphasising on the code of conduct provides the professionals with the right information to be used in formulating the right treatment for the patient. Profile of a health organisation plays a key role in determining the intensity of the conflict. A health organisation which has been making a sound decision leading to the rescue of life will be highly respected. People will respect decision and method adopted to treat the patient. Additionally, an organisation which has been known for employed qualified staff and monitoring their professionals will be highly respected compared to that focus on how to make a profit (Baer, 2015). Such professionals are highly respected, and any decision made in the case of ethical and legal conflict will be highly respected. Negative repercussion resulting from such decision will not be criticised since the stakeholder is certain with the devotion of the specialists. Increases cultural capability of the health practitioners helps in bridging the gap between the community and the health care (Cowen Moorhead, 2014). The gap between the community and the health care bring doubt and complication in case decision made by a health organisation or professional results to negative impacts. Additionally understanding the cultural beliefs of the community and incorporating them while making any decision reduces the doubt and impact expected when the results appear to be negative. Increased cultural capability helps the professionals in addressing ethical issues since they differ in respect to the community. Conclusion In conclusion, both laws and ethics are important while dealing with a patient. It requires professional courage and experience to make a decision on cases where ethical and law is an issue. The decision made should always focus on relieving the patient from the suffering he/she is encountering. While making such decision, all stakeholder need to be considered to avoid further complication. The professionals and the organisation should consider ethics and laws with the same intensity and depend on the situation come up with a solution in case they contradict. Finally, to resolve the conflict that exists between health legal and ethical laws all the stakeholder should be involved and evaluated. References Ashcroft, R. (2015). Principles of health care ethics. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Atkins, K., Britton, B., Lacey, S. (2014). Ethics and law for Australian nurses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baer, H. (2015). Complementary medicine in Australia and New Zealand. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Cowen, P. Moorhead, S. (2014). Current Issues in Nursing. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Exter, A. (2016). International health law and ethics. Basic documents. 3rd, rev. ed. Antwerpen: Maklu. Forrester, K. Griffiths, D. (2010). Essentials of law for health professionals. Chatswood, N.S.W.: Mosby/Elsevier. Fraser, J., Waters, D., Forster, E., Brown, N. (2014). Paediatric nursing in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gallagher, A. Hodge, S. (2012). Ethics, law and professional issues. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Joly, Y. Knoppers, B. (2014). Routledge Handbook of Medical Law and Ethics. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Kerridge, I., Lowe, M., Stewart, C. (2014). Ethics and law for the health professions. Burlington: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lundy, K., Janes, S., Lundy, K. (2014). Community health nursing. New York: Authors Choice Press. Peirce, A. Smith, J. (2013). Ethical and legal issues for doctoral nursing students. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications. Stanford, C. Connor, V. (2014). Ethics for health professionals. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Stanhope, M. Lancaster, J. (2013). Foundations of nursing in the community. Lancaster: Lancaster PA. Then, S. McDonald, F. (2014). Ethics, law, and health care. Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers. Townsend, R. Luck, M. (2013). Applied Paramedic Law and Ethics Australia and New Zealand. Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier Australia. Wall, A. (2012). Ethics for international medicine. Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth College Press. Willis, E., Reynolds, L., Keleher, H. (2012). Understanding the Australian health care system. Chatswood, N.S.W.: Churchill Livingstone. Zetler, J. Bonello, R. (2011). Essentials of Law, Ethics, and Professional Issues in CAM. London: Elsevier Health Sciences APAC.

arab nationalism essays

arab nationalism essays HARVEY: The global march against child labor was born in a conversation that I had with Kailash Satyarthi the very charismatic leader of the move to bring children out of bonded labor in India the head of the South Asian KAILASH: We have ample proof that the children are being used as slaves. They are bought and sold. They are tortured. They are confined to workplace. They are not HARVEY: These are kids working in brick kilns, working in farms as a part of bonded farm labor, working in granite quarries; kids in sexual slavery, or being trafficked across national or state boundaries for sexual purposes. Those are the kinds of kids that this global march is an effort to HARVEY: So we decided that the global march was a way by which we could bring international pressure to country This was not just a simple protest. Along the way, organizers met with community groups like this one to try to link local concerns with the Marchs broader goals, which resonate with people in Thailand. Theyre still reeling from the collapse of their currency. SULAK: Economic growth must take human dignity, human rights, environmental balance, into consideration. In the wake of Thailands financial crisis, Buddhist Scholar Sulok Sivaraksa, like many activists, sees growing poverty in human rights terms. SULAK: We have more prostitutes than monks. We have child laborers. We destroy our environment. The people in Bangkok itself, 20% live in slums. And many people dont even live in the slums, they live under the bridges and so on and so forth. And yet people feel these are not human rights The Global March is just one new cross-border tactican illustration of how globalization from above leads to a globalized resistance from below. KAILASH: But in the case of children, in the case of poor people, they have no calculations of ...

Sylvia Plaths Daddy

Sylvia Plaths Daddy Sylvia Plath in her poem Daddy talks about her relationship with her father. She also evokes images of the holocaust just like in her poem Lady Lazarus. In the poem, Plath talks about the unhealthy relationship she had with her dad and the toil it took on her.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Daddy† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The poem begins with the speaker declaring that she will no longer put up with the shoe in which she has lived in for thirty years â€Å"You do not you, do not anymore the black shoe† (Plath 1). According to a feminists lens Plath is a woman who has decided that enough is enough and she will not live under oppression. The oppressor is represented by the show owner and in this case, it is her father. She had lived under his oppression for thirty years and just like the foot in the shoe, she could not breathe. The shoe represents the male dominance ov er women in the society. In a patriarchal society, men oppress the women because the women have no power. However, the woman in the poem is willing to go against the male domination she will no longer be trapped and squeezed in the shoe. Her feet will get a space to breath because she has decided to break herself loose from the shoe. The feminists’ theory of Marxism captures the imbalance of power between the speaker and her father. Their relationship represents the imbalance of power between men and women in a patriarchal society. Moreover, the speaker in the poem after she becomes an adult compares male domination to a train that was used to ferry Jews to concentration camps in Nazi German. She feels like the people trapped in those trains that cannot escape their fate and will have to reach one of the camps such as Auschwitz and Dachau. Suffering of the Jews represents the suffering of the women in the feminist’s theory. Plath says, â€Å"Daddy, I have had to kill you/You died before I had time (Plath 6-7). The speaker puts an end to her father’s life albeit metaphorically, she wants to end everything that represents oppression in her life. Her father had oppressed her and she was going to seek emancipation. She liberates herself by killing the memory of her father that had tormented her for so long. She had been reduced to nothing as she says in line 5 that she could barely breathe. The father in the poem inhibits the speaker from writing her own history because she has lived under his shadow. She fails to live her life the way she would want because she is not free.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, she represents women in the male dominated society who live under the shadow of their male counterparts and fail to shine as long as they are under oppression. She had lived under her father’s shadow and later marries a man similar to her father whom she also kills for oppressing her, â€Å"The vampire who said he was you/ And drank my blood for a year† (Plath 82). On other hand, it is alleged that women desire to be dominated by men. This kind of thinking is not acceptable in feminism because it reinforces the notion that women must be controlled by men. Plath says, â€Å"every woman adores a fascist/The boot in the face, the brute/Brute heart of a brute like you† (43-45). The lines seem to reinforce the ancient thinking that victimization is a pull for the women that women will be attracted to fascists. During the second stage of feminist movement, feminist critics looked at the way female authors represented women in their artistic work. Sylvia Plath wrote her poem with a female character that represented a woman who had suffered but was willing to change her situation. The character in the poem is complex as she struggles from childhood through adulthood to come to terms with the loose of her father at a young age. The speaker in the poem had been socialized into a society that oppressed women. This is why she had lived in her father’s shoes for thirty years. She was seeking protection from her father just as a foot gets protection from the shoe but she never got it. It means she had accepted her traditional role for thirty years until she killed her father and rid herself of his ghostly memory. Moreover, feminists in the current stage of feminism, feminists look at the ways that female writers use to make their work acceptable in a literary world dominated by male critics. According to Gubar and Gilbert (45) women, writers could choose between mimicry in which the female characters behave and look like men or less their work would be considered inferior in literary terms. However, women found a way of overcoming the standards that the males had set through the use of the concept of the ‘mad woman’ and angel in the house. The later concept represents a woman who conforms to society’s expectation of how a good woman should behave while the former does not behave according to societal norm hence mad. Through the madwoman, a female author got a way of channeling out her frustrations. In the poem Daddy, the author employed the concept of madwoman. Through the speaker in the poem, Plath projects her rage against oppression. She also gets a chance to confront the source of her rage directly. In the poem, she demonstrates her inner turmoil that was brought about by her father.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Daddy† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She condemns her father for domineering her and shows how women are abused both psychologically and physically in a patriarchal society. Through the madwoman, Plath condemns the institution of marriage that makes her suffer just as her father had done. She was mistaken in marrying because she marries a man who treats her like her father or even worse because she says the man sacked blood out of her life. The madwoman character helps Plath to overcome her father’s suffocation. The tone of the poem is powerful and full of anger. The strong words that the poet uses show her overwhelming feeling for instance in the last line of the poem she says â€Å"Daddy daddy, you bastard, I’m through† (Plath 95). Elsewhere in the poem, she uses the word kill. Kill is a strong word because it talks about death which is not a pleasant subject. She also says that she wanted to get back at her father for abandoning at an early age. She tried to kill herself and join him in death but her plain had not succeeded yet because she was saved â€Å"At twenty I tried to die/ And get back, back, back to you/ I thought even the bones would do/ But they pulled me out of the sack/ And they stuck me together with glue† (Plath 58-62). She uses figurative language to pass the message in her work. The metaphors about the holocaust evoke the strong hatred she has for the male dominated society. She talks of â€Å"an engine, an engine/Chuffing me off like a Jew† (Plath 31-32). Plath employs this figure of speech to show how she feels about her oppressive father. She also says that he is â€Å"Not God but a swastika† (Plath 46). She sees him in every German man that she meets. The German are connected to the Nazis who oppressed the Jews and made them to go through untold suffering in the various concentration camps. She sees herself as a Jew and even talks like one. She likens herself to the Jews to show that she suffered under her father’s hands as the Jews in the Nazi’s. Furthermore, she uses imagery to create a picture in the reader’s mind of her father’s appearance by saying that he had a neat beard and Aryan blue eyes. The features symbolize the Nazis who wanted to kill all t he Jews to maintain racial purity. She also calls her father a vampire due to the pain he had brought upon her. The vampire depicts a situation in which the father continues to haunt her long after his death because he returned in form of her husband and after she killed both of the villagers rejoiced because the never liked him. The villagers’ rejoicing symbolizes Plath’s emotions after she managed to purge herself of the men who made her suffer.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the poem employs stream of consciousness and the speakers thoughts are demonstrated as she addresses her dead father. She tells him that she always feared him and could not talk to him. She tells him how she prayed that he would be back but now prays no more. Through her thoughts, we see her psychological turmoil and the hold that the men have on women in a patriarchal society. Plath succeeds in telling as about her personal problems in the poem as well as the problems that women encounter in a patriarchal society. On a triumphant note, she is able to free herself from her father’s domination and thus there is hope for women in their quest for total emancipation. Gubar, Susan and Sandra Gilberts. The madwoman in the attic: the woman writer and  the nineteenth-century literary imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. Print. Plath Sylvia. Daddy. n.d. 17 Dec. 2010. https://www.internal.org/Sylvia_Plath/Daddy

Architecture High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architecture High School - Essay Example I appreciate this specific building on account of its marvellous weaving of ornamentation, function and structure. The use of ornamentation adds elements of interest to the architecture of the theatre. The picture shows the outside of pavilion. It is simple structure with a flat roof covering the interiors from top, supported by steel columns and panelled with glass and marble that act as side covers to the interiors. The picture shows the simple structure of columns on the right side with the panelled glass fitted in between two columns. The building shows experimentation with the steel frames and glass walls. In the structure, they are placed vertically or horizontally and can be freely positioned to form a flexible plan. In lines with the modernist philosophy, the building displays construction technology that was uncommon during the time it was built. It is devoid of any unnecessary ornamentation and does not follow any identified elements of any traditional architecture. The plan of Ziln was influenced by the ideas of Corbusier. Corbusier proposed the introduction of modernisation in the plan of the city, in order to meet the requirements of the day. The plan displays the axial long and uninterrupted roads that are designed to take the heavy traffic of the city and help in better commutation in an industrial city. The plan also shows different districts separated from each other that seem to be assigned with specific functions; some for residences and the other with industrial development. Pic4: p247 (234 Mies van der, Seagram Building, New York, 1958) The Seagram building by Mies Van Der Rohe, displays almost all the attributes of modernism and I like the picture of this building for the same reason. The simple forms of the entire volume of building, resembles simplest form of geometry, as advocated by modernism. Devoid of any ornamentation on the outsides and realised with the materials like steel frames and glass panes, the building utilises the modern construction technology and materials. The building is self reliant in terms of its identity and the use of forms that are self referential and do not fall back on any historical styles. In its faade, it displays originality of function with it being devoid of any ornamentation and relying only upon the extruded sections of bronze in combination with the dark tinted glass in order to achieve its aesthetics. Pic5: p.320 (328 Barragan and Goeritz, Satellite City Tower, Mexico City, 1957) Barragan, in collaboration with Goeritz designed five abstract towers in Mexico City. The picture shows a set of five buildings that are self referential and independent in terms of its architectural style and grammar. The abstract towers, with its sharp edge, bear no resemblance with any identified style of architecture. The construction style of the buildings comprises of standardised mass production, a key element of modernism. The facades are devoid of any sort of ornamentation and treatment. I personally like the boldness of the forms that fall back to the basics of geometry for its generation. Pic6: P.325 (336 Ando, Koshino House,

My Educational goals and why I would like to participate in the TSA Essay

My Educational goals and why I would like to participate in the TSA Associates program - Essay Example This would give me an opportunity attain new skills, knowledge, and tools and be in a position to improve my skills in customer service. I have always wanted to pursue a degree in higher education, and I believe that enrolling in TSA will be a step towards achieving my dream. Enrolling in TSA will offer me an opportunity to take classes while working for TSA at the same time.  Being part of a dynamic security team has enabled me to contribute in protecting our airports. However, I believe that I need more skills to make me more efficient in my duties. I would wish to enroll in all the three of the classes offered in the TSA Associate Program, which include Introduction to Homeland Security, Intelligence Analysis, and Transportation and Border Security. Getting an opportunity to enroll and complete the TSA Associate program will enable me attain an Associate degree in homeland security later, receive a TSA Certificate of Completion in addition to an Academic Certificate from the Institute of Higher Education. Attaining more education through the TSA Associate program will make me a better candidate for future positions in TSA. I believe that getting this opportunity and attending TSA  Associates  Program  will offer me appropriate  educational  foundation that I require to perform better in my current position within TSA and achieve more in both  my  academic and personal  goals. I understand that I need to have excellent communication skills to be able to get this opportunity since apposite communication skill are crucial thus I have already completed my Complete Foundations of Grammar SkillSoft course in

Evolution of Public relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evolution of Public relations - Essay Example In the same way, companies felt the need for relieving the function of shareholders communication from the finance department, who lacked communication skills (McKee & Lamb, 2009). Shareholder communications were aimed at exploring the needs of the shareholders and communicate to them the best approach that firms adopt. Change in companies is caused by government intervention and the crisis in the market; inherently, this is the case with private equity industry. The current business environment is dynamic and changing making the fund investor and managers develop new strategies. There is an overhaul of the Public relations to ensure that managers receive granular information that is critical in decision making. They have aligned policies and practices to ensure that the evolving regulatory environment does not affect operations. In essence, the Public relation has become an integral part of the listed companies worldwide. Evidence shows that the industry alignment between investors and fund managers is heading towards the right path. There has been capability and process building that commensurate with the needs of the investors. However, the challenge is the ability of the regulatory overhang to influence the industry progression. McKee & Lamb (2009) says the integration of technology has been introduced in the industry to increase the role in reporting, managing, and capturing data for communication purposes. Many firms are investing in technology to meet the needs of the customers.

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Psychology Essay

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Psychology Essay Organisations are struggling in the current competitive economic climate. Ensuring organizational survival may ultimately come down to attracting and recruiting skilled employees (Barber Roehling, 1993). Terpstra (1994) identified recruitment as an essential strategy for organisations to prosper and survive in the global economy, suggesting the initial attraction and selection of candidates may be the most important foundation for organisational performance. As the realisation of the link between human-capital and financial growth is now a shared knowledge across sectors, the crucial importance an employee holds is broader acknowledged (Gardner, 2002). Recruitment is a fundamental organisational activity defining who will constitute the organisation (Turban Cable, 2003). The difference between a mediocre and exceptional hire could mean momentous differences for organisational profit (Wicklund-Hansen Weyergang-Nielsen, 2007). Thus the benefits of efficient and successful recruiting are increasingly recognized in research and literature (Barber, 1998; Billsberry, 2007; Breaugh, 2008). Recognising the importance of employees, individually and as a whole, organisations are increasing their recruitment investments. Ralston Brady (1994) modestly suggested the average cost of recruiting and selecting to be over $2000 per individual. Given such large amounts are spent, there is both an expectation and a demand for recruitment to be of organisational benefit. The study by Terjesen, Vinnicombe and Freeman (2007) addresses the need for adapting recruitment practices to up-and-coming graduates, soon to constitute the labour force of the 21st century. Research findings by Ryan, Sacco, McFarland and Kriska (2000) emphasize also the importance of recognising the individual applicants choice in the recruitment process. However, Ryan and Tippins (2004) argue there are still large gaps between research and practice in this area. Recruitment in the current labour market Recruitment takes place in a wider societal context and shifts in the labour market will subsequently affect recruitment activities. In tighter markets potential candidates are likely to be less critical of the process as they are in desperate need for a job (Cable Judge, 1996). Contrary, in a flourishing economy where organisations are in demand of multiple hires, the on-going competition leads to a lack of high-quality candidates. Fernà ¡ndez-Arà ¡oz, Groysberg and Nohria (2009) claim organisations will face challenges when recruiting to replace the plentiful baby boomers. Some business sectors are especially prone to this and hence compete for the best candidates, also known as the war for talent (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002; Hiltrop; 1999). In contrast to much of Europe, Norway is a country where the economy is boosting (Takla, 2012). With an unemployment rate of 2.7% and increasing growth in the industry, Norway finds itself in a position where some occupations actually lack qualified workforce. Low unemployment rates will naturally increase competition for the best people (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002), but in Norway this is also combined with a strong economy and growing companies. Recent figures from the Norwegian labour and welfare administration revealed a need for 16.000 engineers in the imminent future (Kaspersen, 2012) The numbers are consistent with research predicting technical and engineering skills of particular shortage in the years to come (Dohm, 2000). Businesses in unrelenting demand of talent are consequently competing, all depending on qualified employers to survive (Tulgan, 2001). How recruitment is managed should be of essential value especially for organisations in such a position. A recent survey showed that 92% of organisations within the oil- and gas sector in Norway were in demand for graduate engineers (Vartdal Riise, 2012). One of the largest technical universities in Norway plans to expand their capacity for engineers by several hundred (Amelie, 2012a). An emerging job market consisting of desperate organisations and cohorts of new graduates triggers the need for further insight into attraction and recruitment. Defining recruitment Recruitment literature stretches over a wide spectre, thus claiming necessity to clarify a definition for the thesis at hand. Also, it must be distinguished between the two organisational activities recruitment and selection, tightly linked and often occurring simultaneously. Recruitment can be viewed as the initial and sustained attraction of candidates, whereas selection is the process of selecting among potential employees (Rynes Boudreau, 1986). Research on recruitment has often been subject to critique of having a static view of a process that is rather quite dynamic (Barber, 1998). In response this thesis views recruitment as an on-going process consisting of several stages (Saks Uggerslev, 2010) and will apply the following definition for recruitment: (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) the actions organizations take to generate applicant pools, maintain viable applicants, and encourage desired candidates to join those organizations (Dineen Soltis, 2011, p.43). This definition differs from B arbers (1998), critiqued for only focusing on attraction of candidates. Hence, it is desirable utilizing a definition that acknowledges the ultimate outcome of recruitment, namely a candidate ´s job offer acceptance (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002). Five dimensions of recruitment As the area of recruitment research is versatile, Barber ´s (1998) distinction between five dimensions of recruitment will be applied in the following paragraph. This serves as both a framework for organising a wide research area, as well as discussing previous work with its inevitable strengths and limitations. Clearly illustrated by these examples are how the dimensions are inextricably linked, underlining recruitment as dynamic and complex (Boswell, Roehling, LePine Moynihan, 2003). Context Rynes (1991) highlights the obvious fact that recruitment occurs in a wider contextual setting. The economic climate, labour market, organisational size and business-sector are all potentially influencing factors (Rynes, 1991; Rynes, Heneman Schwab, 1980; Taylor Bergmann, 1987; Turban, Campion Eyring, 1995). As the experience of recruitment inevitably will vary, it can be of value to have more specific recruitment research related to a given context (Derous Schreurs, 2009). Moreover, the need to recognise context as a variable in concrete research is much needed, as a great deal of recruitment studies is done in experimental settings. For example, Rynes and Miller (1983) manipulated recruiter knowledge, recruiter affect, and job attributes to measure effects of recruiter influence. Goltz and Giannantonio (1995) manipulated recruiter friendliness in an experimental video-condition study. Both studies found recruitment activities to have an effect on candidates, confirming the cont ributing value of experimental studies in the development of recruitment research (Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin Jones, 2005). However, suggestions have been made that research designs using simulating job-applicants can lead to understated research claims (Rynes Miller, 1983; Uggerslev, Fassina Kraichy, 2012). Barber (1998) argues studies of experimental nature contribute to a simplification of the complexity the recruitment process holds. A simulated study does not necessarily capture the many variables and external occurrences that will influence a candidate in a real-world setting (Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin Jones, 2005). Studies utilizing real job seekers in an actual recruitment setting might validate the strength of previous findings, if holding true to contexts where influence of a recruitment process truly has consequences both for candidate and organisation. On the other hand, manipulating variables in recruitment activities would be ethically challenging (Highhouse, Lievens Sinar, 2003). Therefore, studies done in a real-life setting must choose a method in line with strict ethical considerations. Players Naturally receiving most attention in recruitment research has been organisational representatives and candidates. Recognising both parties is the social process paradigm with a view of recruitment as a two-way, inter-subjective interaction (Herriot, 2002). This perspective has progressively earned respect as an alternative to the dominating psychometric paradigm by allowing for the candidate ´s voice to be heard (Billsberry, 2007). The development towards a social process rather than a one-sided organisational choice leads to interesting interactions between candidate and organisation in the current economic climate. A number of recent studies have attempted to determine the best strategy for attracting and convincing candidates to accept job offers in a competitive market (Ferris, Berkson Harris, 2002; Turban, Forret Hendrickson, 1998; reference possibly Boswell et al, if not finding any other more about a competitive market). Extensively debated is whether recruiter characteristics and behaviour actually have an influence on candidates. Alderfer and McCord (1970) were among the first to explore the possible effect of recruiter characteristics; a continuing topic of interest as recruitment research has evolved. The meta-analysis by Chapman, Uggerslev, Carroll, Piasentin and Jones (2005) concluded that recruiter behaviour such as being personable influenced candidate attraction to organisations. By applying signalling theory (Spence, 1973) to recruitment, research has demonstrated how candidates view recruiters in the recruitment process as signals of unknown organisational characteristics and attributes (Turban, Forret Hendrickson, 1998). Rynes, Bretz and Gerhart (1991) found recruiters to act as a symbol of interpersonal relations in the organisation, indicating candidates use recruiter behaviour as images of interpersonal work relations. Chapman and Webster (2006) later concluded recruiter influence app ears more complex than anticipated. However, Breaugh (2012) points out that less attention has been devoted to recruiter effects over the last few years. Also, a majority of recruiter-candidate interaction research is built on experimental designs, possibly ignoring effects from a real-life human interplay (reference). It is further suggested that qualitative research could prove value beyond the majority of existing quantitative research (Breaugh, 2012). Activities Organisations facilitate recruitment activities such as campus career fairs, employment interviews and site visits to attract candidates (Arvey Campion, 1982; Turban, Campion Eyring, 1995). The review by Rynes, Heneman and Schwab (1980) and more recent research by Collins and Stevens (2002) both state that recruitment activities have the potential to influence candidates, possibly by signals of wider organisational attributes (Turban, 2001). However, there is still a need for a better understanding of how recruitment activities affect a candidate (Turban, 2001). Breaugh (2008) highlights the site visit as a recruitment activity given undeservedly little attention. An exception is the study by Turban, Campion and Eyring (1995) extending preceding research by demonstrating just how influential the site visit can be on actual job acceptance decisions. Another interesting aspect of the site visit is the possibility to meet future colleagues beyond organisational representatives often sent from the human resource department. Consistent with the suggestion by Rynes and Miller (1983), Rynes, Bretz and Gerhart (1991) found that meetings with any given organisational representative is less influential than meeting someone from the same functional area as the candidate. The site visit typically consists of several activities and Turban, Campion Eyring (1995) suggest future research continuing to investigate how applicants interpret and make meaning of attending one. Saks and Uggerslev (2010) critiques existing research for an exaggerated focus on single activities. Consequentially some activities can come across as having a very small or large influence, possibly limited by research methodology. Those who ultimately accept a job offer will have been through a more extensive process, very likely consisting of several activities. Whereas initial stages are critical to determine candidate ´s further pursuit, later stages have a profound effect on the final job acceptance decision. Recruitment activities do not occur in a vacuum. The overall experience of a recruitment process based on combined effects of activities must be acknowledged (Saks Uggerslev, 2010). Phases Experimental studies often break the recruitment process down to smaller units for investigation. This approach ignores that going through a recruitment process is not likely to be experienced as single events with a separate effect on the candidate, but rather as a process consisting of phases (Boswell, Roehling, LePine and Moynihan, 2003). The early stages of recruitment have been suggested critical, because this can decide candidates willingness to proceed with a given organisation. Critical contact theory addresses how applicants are influenced in their first meeting with organisational representatives (Ralston Brady, 1994). Rynes, Bretz and Gerharts (1991) study demonstrated the possible detrimental effects of a single interaction, showing a number of candidates actually chose to withdraw from recruitment based on a negative first impression. Due to the stress job search can hold as well as anticipation of evaluation, it has been suggested job applicants enter the process with uncertainty as a salient emotion (Proost, Derous, Schreurs, Hagtvet De Witte, 2008; Rynes, 1991). Moreover, uncertainty is likely to persist as candidates are faced with consistently limited information (Barber Roehling, 1993). Assessing levels of uncertainty is difficult in a simulated setting, unfortunately undermining a great deal of existing research (Breaugh, 1992, as cited in Barber Roehling, 1993). Studies have demonstrated that candidates weigh various information and organisational features differently throughout the recruitment process (Carless, 2005; Jaidi, Van Hooft Arends, 2011). The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) suggests peripheral processing is superior to central processing in the primary stages of a recruitment process (Larsen Phillips, 2002). The former type of information processing typically leads to a focus on environmental cues rather than relevant job characteristics. Saks and Uggerslevs (2010) study on college students found that rather focusing on the effect of a single activity or stage, the total combination of the whole recruitment process should be considered. Contrary, it has been suggested that various stages of the recruitment process in itself does not significantly influence a candidate final decision (Lawler, Kuleck, Rhode Sorensen, 1975; Powell Goulet, 1996). Findings from previous research thus prove conflicting; suggesting candidates may go through recruitment with or without a diverse range of perceptions, emotions and thoughts that influence their final decisions. Outcome For organisations to maximise utility, the ultimate end goal of a recruitment process is job offer acceptance from desirable candidates (Jackson Schuler, 1990). Nevertheless, much research has often studied candidate ´s reactions at a given point during the process. Attracting and maintaining candidates are obviously necessary requirements for a viable recruitment process. Yet, acknowledging the process inherent dynamic nature combined with the fact that organisations attempt to actively influence a potential candidate; the effects of this influence must be assessed. The study by Aiman-Smith, Bauer and Cable (2001) revealed that different factors lead to job attraction and actual job pursuit. An extensive amount of research measures only candidates attitudes, perceptions and impressions, rather than actual choice (Rynes, Bretz Gerhart, 1991). Many studies approach recruitment from the organisations view, attempting to establish how an applicant can be persuaded to accept a job of fer (Jaidi, Van Hooft Arends, 2011; reference). Such studies operate with the implicit assumption of a candidate actually making a choice (Boswell et al., 2003). However there is less knowledge of how the candidate perceives this choice or decision-making. The perspective of a candidate who has been through a full recruitment experience with the result of accepting a job offer is less investigated and will inevitably provide knowledge of important aspects of recruitment (Saks Uggerslev, 2010). Graduates A large part of an organisations recruitment activities revolve around new graduates, of interest for the new skills and updated education they contribute with (Turban, Forret Hendrickson, 1998; Wayne Casper, 2012). The recent years have witnessed changes in recruitment practices as competition for graduates tightens (Branine, 2008). However, recruitment literature and research has often been criticised for overly emphasizing college graduates (Breaugh, 2008; Rynes, Heneman III Schwab, 1980). Nevertheless, multiple interesting aspects serve justice to focusing on this particular group of job seekers. Career theory refers to the transition from student to employee as an important one, significantly affecting a person ´s life (Super, 1980). Previous research has found inexperienced job seekers to be more likely influenced by recruitment practices (Feldman Arnold, 1978; Larsen Phillips, 2002). Walker, Field, Giles and Bernerth (2008) demonstrated how candidates limited job experience and job search influenced their perception of recruitment activities. Seeking full-time employment for the very first time might be a particular meaningful event where one is exceptionally aware of recruitment practices because of their novelty. Graduate recruitment is both voluminous in size and investments( Rynes Boudreau, 1986). In addition, the study by Terjesen, Vinnicombe and Freeman (2007) suggested the coming workforce, generation Y (1977-1994) differs from previous generations. As organisations are increasingly acknowledging human capital as a competitive edge, the need for educated workforce is not likely to decrease. Liden and Parsons (1996) points out that educated candidates approach job-searching differently than candidates seeking lower level jobs, where the former is more discriminating in the process. Collectively, this demonstrates new graduates as a sample of interest for further investigation. Rather than attempting to generalise across all job seekers, clearly quite distinctive, this study recognises and appreciates graduates as a separate target group for research. Aim and research question In summary, Barbers dimensions call attention to recruitment research in the field, where context and realistic human interaction is acknowledged. There is a need to further investigate how recruitment activities and recruiter behaviour are elements of a whole recruitment experience leading to the ultimate outcome of a candidates job offer acceptance. The current economic climate holds exciting times for new graduates. Indeed, Celani and Singh (2011) highlight the competitive benefit an organisation could gain from enhanced understandings of candidate ´s reaction and appraisal of recruitment practices. By acknowledging the individual as the organisations most valuable asset, an expectation follows to consider the individual ´s perspective, also in recruitment. Breaugh (2012) highlighted the valuable in-depth insight to the candidate ´s perspective from the previous qualitative work of Rynes, Bretz and Gerhart (1991) and Boswell, Roehling, LePine Moynihan (2003). Based on a person-centric approach, Weiss Rupp (2011) suggest the human subjective experience should guide more research. Insight from candidates own words about recruitment experiences has been of inspiration (Billsberry, 2007). Therefore, the study employs a phenomenological approach to address the following research question: How does a recent graduate experience the recruitment process? A phenomenological approach Phenomenology is concerned with exploring the richness of a real, concrete, daily-lived phenomenon (Finlay, 2009). The transition from graduating student to working professional has been proven a major one, additionally supported by life-stages theory and career theory (Ng Feldman, 2007; Schein, 1978, Super; 1980). Billsberry (2007) argue job-related events such as obtaining or changing jobs are of significance, but they are also a natural experience in the inevitable progression of life. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an approach of exploration of a lived experience (Clarke, 2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis is therefore suitable to explore how a new graduate experience a recruitment process. Something about why not other qualitative methods? However, merely stating that a study is of phenomenological nature is not sufficient for methodological rigour. Adopting a philosophical stance underpinning the method of choice should be done to uphold methodological clarity (Lowes Prowse, 2001). The transcendental phenomenology as described in the original work of Husserl request suspending all presuppositions of a phenomenon through bracketing (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). This standpoint has been critiqued for not recognising the cognitive aspect of a human being situated in a contextual world (Wilding Whiteford, 2005). Furthermore, the researcher ´s seminal role in identifying, defining and formulating research is consistent with Smith ´s (2004) recommendation to avoid a superficial attempt of bracketing. The philosophical foundations underlying IPA is simply not compatible with complete bracketing, as the interpretative component inevitably acknowledges the researcher ´s role. Heidegger advocates a hermeneutic phenomenology with interpretation at its core (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). Utilizing a double hermeneutic acknowledges the dual role of the researcher, where one tries to make sense of the participants experience after the experience has been subject to sense making from the participant itself (Smith Osborn, 2003 double check book Uni). Rather than shallow bracketing, not adequate to its true form as proposed by Husserl, reflexive bracketing was done in resonance with Ahern ´s recommendations (1999). As being reflexive involves more than having an awareness of one ´s standpoint, but should be consciously exercised throughout the research process, a full reflexive account is given in section x.x (Finlay, 2002). A main goal in phenomenology is being able to understand what a particular experience is like for someone else (Creswell, 2007). Rooted in the phenomenological approach is the recognition that an experience takes place in a specific context (Willig, 2009). The contextual setting of the study will subsequently be addressed in the following section. Context To advocate high-quality research, Stiles (1993) advise explicit awareness of the social and cultural context of the research (as cited in Elliott, Fischer Rennie, 1999). IPA recognises that the individual is positioned in a context, inevitably influencing the individual sense-making process (Clarke, 2009). Furthermore, the aspect of context has often been overlooked in recruitment research, pointed out by Rynes (1991) more than twenty years ago. Erhart and Zieger (2005) continuously emphasize researchers to render the environmental context where organisational recruitment takes place. Several authors have highlighted the important factor of the current labour market (Rynes, Heneman Schwab, 1980; Turban, Campion Eyring, 1995). In response and in the belief of context-depending findings, the following paragraph will give a brief description of the context where this study took place. The region of Western Norway thrives on the oil business and a majority of workplaces originates within this sector (Boe Hornbug, 2012). Stavanger, one of the largest cities in the region is often referred to as the oil capital of Norway. Several large international oil companies base their Norwegian head offices in this part of the country. Due to constant development over the last years and a forecast of continuous growth there is a pressing need for qualified engineers. The present study was conducted in an oil company employing 70.000 across the world, whereby 2000 of these work in Norway (Taraldsen, 2012). A recent survey completed by engineering students from the largest University in the area demonstrated the company ´s high status; the company was rated among the top five most popular employers (Hult, 2012). The company still emphasizes advertising their vacancies through the most popular job-search base in Norway. In general, job advertisements underline the companys attractiveness by emphasizing their abilities and position in the market. The adverts also encourage potential candidates to apply by embracing the uniqueness of each individual employee. During winter 2011/2012, the company carried out a recruitment process for their graduate programme, hiring 25 trainees after receiving several hundred applications. On the basis of their recent recruitment experience, a number of the newly hired trainees were asked to participate in this study. Acknowledging the criticism of recruitment research ´s large focus on graduate samples (Rynes, Orlitzky Bretz, Jr., 1997), nevertheless this was seen as a factor adding to the interest of this study. The social, the cultural and the heavy media focus on the oil business sector may lead to both expectations and pressure for a new graduate. A survey of the labour market during spring 2012 demonstrated that 82% of engineer graduates already have a contract signed by completion of their education (Amelie, 2012b). Organisations are ambitious in their search for talented candidates and as a result initiate recruitment at early stages (Gjerde, 2012; Halvorsen Ellingsen, 2011). While the offensive approach of competing organisations can contribute to an awareness of the attractiveness of engineers, it can simultaneously force feelings of pressure, rush and st ress to the process of securing a job. Method Design To explore new graduates experience of a recruitment process, a cross-sectional study of qualitative nature was conducted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews. Procedure The researcher made contact with the organisation through a personal acquaintance in February 2012. Being aware of possible challenges in regards to organisational access, the researcher took several steps to ensure a smooth process (Johl Renganthan, 2010). Through mutual agreement between the researcher ´s area of interest as well as the organisation ´s need, a suitable sample for research was identified. The sample was chosen purposively to ensure all the participants had experienced the phenomena of interest, necessary to give insight into a particular perspective of the experience (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). Striving for a homogeneous sample, sample criteria were set to be recent graduated engineers who through the process of obtaining their first job naturally had been through a recruitment process. It was established prior to commencement of research that participants had been exposed to various recruitment activities. To increase credibility for the study the human resource senior manager of the organisation sent out the first informative e-mail, encouraging participation. This was also done to ensure the participants felt comfortable sharing their experience, given they were recently hired at the organisation. Further, the researcher established contact per e-mail with the individual with thorough information (Appendix X: Information sheet). E-mail contact is considered efficient for both parties in establishing contact and to make further arrangements for the interview (Seidman, 2006). Given practical considerations and various start-dates, 14 individuals were contacted. As IPA is concerned with the quality and not the quantity of accounts, the researcher searched for a smaller sample as 3-6 participants is recommended (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). However it was found useful to initially contact a larger number, being aware that some participants may withdraw (Seidman, 2006). All but one were initially positive, however situational factors led to a final sample of 6 participants. The researcher found this sample to fulfil the requirement of both suitable size and saturation (Kvale, 2007). Participants The sample consisted of Norwegian citizens, 3 females and 3 males (6 in total) between the ages 22-28. All participants had experienced various recruitment processes, including a site visit arranged by the organisation prior to being hired. The participants were all recent graduated engineers with a BSc or an MSc degree within various fields of engineering. All participants had their education from Norwegian universities where recruitment activities arranged by several companies had taken place in various forms. All but one participant resided in the greater area of Stavanger. Fictitious names were given to each participant to ensure anonymity. Interviews Inviting to a rich, detailed and personal account of the individual ´s experience, semi-structured interviews were chosen as method for this study. This is the preferred method for IPA as its flexibility allows for the experience of interest to lead the interview, rather than fitting it into pre-determined categories of a structured interview (Smith, 1995). Two pilot interviews were conducted early in the process, as strongly advised by Seidman (2006). This familiarises the researcher with the complexities an interview may hold. Although not identical with the actual sample, the volunteers for pilot interviews were also recent graduates having undergone recruitment processes in their search for jobs in the past year. Hence pilot interviews were useful to provide insight into possible important aspects of a recruitment experience and also led to changes in the interview structure such as fewer and less non-directive questions. The pilot was also seen as valuable training in interview technique, which according to Kvale (2007) is mastered through extensive practice. The interview guide was developed after wide reading around the topic of interest as well as inspiration from the pilot. Advised by Smith, Flower and Larkin (2009) it was attempted to approach the area of interest sideways. Rather than asking direct questions, which may be leading the participant, the questions attempted to facilitate a discussion around the topic of interest. The interview commenced by the open-ended question Could you tell me about how you got this job? (Appendix X). For an open-mind in regards to the participant ´s experience, open-ended questions were asked, allowing the participant ´s answer to steer the direction of the interview (Smith, Flowers Larkin, 2009). Although having prepared possible follow-up questions, the researcher exercised flexibility throughout the interviews to fully be able to attend to the personal experience of the individual. Probes and prompts were used as suited. The interview session was rounded off asking each participant if they had anything further to add which had not been addressed in the interview, but that was seen as important in their recruitment experience (Kvale, 2007). Interviews were held in the workplace during week 26 and 27 at the participant ´s convenience. The researcher made sure to be allocated a room in sufficient distance from the participant ´s department, to s

A Noble Cause :: Short Stories Violence Crime Essays

A Noble Cause The three young punks had been walking down a street in their neighborhood looking for whatever they could get their hands on and generally up to no good, when they stumbled upon an old man lying on the curb. "Hey, check the old dude down on the curb. Let's see what the ol' guy's got!" gibed one of the three ruffians. "Yeahhh!" agreed another, grinning from ear to ear like a hyena at the sight of fresh meat. "Hold it!" said Rick, the leader of the pack. "He might be Five-O! Net, go over there and turn him around. Let's see what he looks like." Ernesto, or Net or Neto, as he was known by his close friends, did as he was told and using his leg as a lever, cautiously turned the man over, and immediately the man started convulsing and coughing violently, taking Net by surprise and causing him to stumble back. The man continued his violent coughing for a while, and then muttered something incoherently. He opened his eyes and looked around dazed and confused, but the glare from the sun was too bright, so he used his hands to shield himself with. Then he started coughing again, but this time the coughing turned into full-blown retching, making the three young punks turn away in disgust. After the man finished, Net, who was closest to the man, gave him a quick, hard kick to the groin. The man yelled out in pain, grabbing his crotch and writhing on the ground -then he began to vomit all over again. "Damn, Net, what did you do that for?" asked Rick. "Sucker pissed me off! Now it smells like crap around here!" "Yeah, well you just made him vomit again, DICKHEAD!! Don't mess with him again, understand?!" Rick said angrily, as he approached the man for a closer look. The man appeared to be genuinely drunk, but police undercover cops were good at disguising themselves and going through elaborate charades in order to make street arrests. "Come on, Rick, man, let's see what he's got," said the middle of the ruffians, Johnny, itching to get his hands on the man, and eyeing the man's gold diamond ring with special interest. "Wait! I've got to be sure this dude's not 5-0!" "Rick, man, he just vomited all his crap out! He ain't no 5-0! Look at him, he's just a drunk ol' dude!"

Racism and ethnicity Essay

Joseph Addison once said that, â€Å"If men would consider not so much where they differ, as wherein they agree, there would be far less of uncharitableness and angry feeling in the world. † This holds true to the sentiments I have when it comes to the numerous injustices people incur due to their skin color, ethnicity, and the like. I have seen and witnessed first hand the harm people can cause to one another due to petty differences between them; and I have also often pondered why such acts occur in our world. I used to think that this may be an isolated case; a freak phenomenon that has occurred solely in the confines of my home land. A social phenomenon that has existed in my home land due to the history our people have gone through. Yet, I have seen that such injustices and anger occur in other lands such as the United States of America and knowing of this makes me wonder if racism can be found in all societies regardless of geographic location and history. To get a better understanding of this social phenomenon I have decided to look into the cases of racism I have seen in my home country of Serbia and compare that to those acts I have seen here in America. Before I do proceed, I think it is necessary to take into consideration what racism really is. Many scholars have given various definitions to this phenomenon and the differences in the definitions can be attributed to the fact that the term covers a broad spectrum of implications of race-based bigotry, prejudice, violence, oppression, stereotyping or discrimination. Since it covers such a wide array of topics and takes into account various social issues we can take into account 2 general definitions of racism; the sociological and the legal. Racism is broadly defined as a form of discrimination based on characteristics of race and existing either as individual racism, which originates in the racist beliefs of a single person, or institutional racism, which occurs when racist ideas and practices are embodied in the folkways, mores and norms (Leeder. 2003). On the other hand, sociologists Noel Cazenave and Darlene Alvarez Maddern define racism as â€Å"†¦ a highly organized system of ‘race’-based group privilege that operates at every level of society and is held together by a sophisticated ideology of color/’race’ supremacy. Racist systems include, but cannot be reduced to, racial bigotry,† (Cazenave and Maddern 1999: 42). Based on these definitions we can see two dominant themes when we speak about racism. The first among the two is the fact that racism takes into account the psyche of an individual. To be more precise, we deal with the construct of beliefs a person or group may hold against others as embodied by the mores and norms they have. The second aspect that we find is the fact that racism is a highly organized group structure as pointed out by Noel Cazenave and Darlene Alvarez Maddern. With regard to the second aspect, we find that racism is a social construct, a privilege of certain groups within a society. Hence, we are led to conclude that the social phenomenon can very well exist in any society. After all, there is no true homogenous society and the fact remain that differences abound between groups. Take the United States of America, though it is a single country the social structure can still clearly delineated between the different races that occupy its geography. As for my home country of Serbia, we also see that racism cuts across groups as I have seen people display acts of racial discrimination on gypsies; a group who since their unexplained appearance in Europe over nine centuries ago, the gypsies have refused to fall in with conventional settled life. They remain a people whose culture and customs are beset with misunderstanding, and who cling to their distinct identity in the teeth of persistent rejection and pressure to conform. This social group has been long been ridiculed and persecuted in Serbia. I have also personally seen people who look like neo-Nazis with their shaved heads launching verbal assaults and beating up gypsies. It is a saddening truth that things like this happen. What’s worse is the fact that gypsies are actually persecuted all around Europe. Other shocking instances of racial acts can also be seen in soccer games in Serbia. An example of this is even cited on a blog/news commentary on the Fox Sports website.

Beloved Character Analysis

â€Å"Anything dead coming back to life hurts† (Morrison 35). Does anyone have a firm grasp on who or what Beloved actually is? Beloved is the focal point of Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, but she has also been the center of many debates. Morrison’s depiction of Beloved throughout the novel is unclear and much is left up for interpretation by the reader. Is Beloved the ghostly reincarnation of Sethe's murdered baby, a flesh and blood version of the spirit Paul D. drives from the house? Or is Beloved unquestionably a ghost? The uniformly accepted notion that Beloved is a ghost is interesting, given that evidence throughout the book suggests that she is a reincarnated being. As the reader recalls, Sethe killed her first daughter with the idea that doing so would free her daughter from slavery. As a result of Sethe’s â€Å"motherly† actions, Beloved, enslaves the rest of the family including Sethe’s daughter, Denver. The family becomes disconnected from and outcasted by the black community, as everyone fears approaching the residency â€Å"haunted† by the supernatural. As the novel progresses, the presence of an unknown girl at 124 intrudes, yet again, on the lifestyle of Denver and Sethe. This character, who is identified as Beloved is ambiguously portrayed and therefore her analysis is the topic of debate and discussion. The character that is recognized at the 124 residency is in fact the reincarnation of Sethe’s first daughter, Beloved. The idea of the reincarnated in this novel is well established. Although, to the reader the possibility of this seems unlikely, in the book there are several examples that point to this being true. For example, the reader witnesses Sethe overlook obvious signs showing that this girl actually could be the personification of her murdered baby daughter. Additionally, Beloved is approximately the same age that Sethe’s first born would have been if still alive, and more evidence lies in the fact that she shares the same name as the one engraved on the baby’s tombstone. It happens that these trails of evidence all occur in order in the same scene. One evening Denver, Sethe, and Beloved are all gathered around a fire, and Sethe comes to a realization about the aforementioned evidence about Beloved. â€Å"The click had clicked; things were where they ought to be or poised and ready to glide in,† (Morrison 207). Beloved hums a tune, one that Sethe immediately recognizes. The scene seems surreal as Sethe is taken aback by the occurrence. â€Å"I made that song up. I made it up and sang it to my children. Nobody knows that song but me and my children,† (Morrison 207). Additionally, Beloved’s demeanor is that of a typical two year old. Her thoughts and actions mimic those of a young child rather than a young adult. For example, Beloved deeply loves her mother, Sethe, and is attached to her just as a young child would be. Not only does Beloved share a passionate love for her mother, but feelings are mutual toward, Denver, her sister. Beloved is jealous of the relationship Denver and Sethe share. Once again, these all point to the childish characteristics Beloved possesses in her reincarnated form. In referring to Sethe Beloved states â€Å"I am Beloved and she is mine† (Morrison 248). â€Å"It was Beloved who made demands. Anything she wanted she got, and when Sethe ran out of things to give her, Beloved invented desire† (Morrison 240). â€Å"When once or twice when Sethe tried to assert herself, be the unquestioned mother whose word was law and who knew what was best – Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, and broke a windowpane† (Morrison 242). Taking all of these factors into account, many would find it hard to dispute against Beloved’s reincarnated state. There are many supporting details that point to Beloved’s true identity. Beloved’s portrayal is in fragments and the reader must pay close attention to give away details about this young woman identity. Unraveling the great mystery of this young woman lies within the text, but yet many different opinions of Beloved still exist.

Thomas Jefferson1 essays

Thomas Jefferson1 essays Thomas Jefferson symbolizes the promise and the contradictions of Americas historical heritage. As the third president of the United States, a diplomat, plantation owner, architect, scientist, and philosopher, he is one of the most important figures in American history. The writings of Thomas Jefferson are today more meaningful than ever before in Americas history. You could reach into your pocket, pull out a nickel and find him gazing into the middle distance. Jefferson was born on April 13 (April 2, Old Style), 1743, at Shadwell, the most important of the tobacco plantations owned by his father Peter Jefferson, in the Virginia upcountry. An intelligent man, although educated, Peter Jefferson became a successful surveyor, landowner, and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from Albemarle County. His wife Jane Randolph, a member of one of the most distinguished Virginia families. As a child, he enjoyed to the full the advantages of his familys position in life: the books, the horses, and the good life of the Big Houses at Tuckahoe and Shadwell. When his father died he left his fourteen-year-old son with not only valuable lands and property but the inheritance of Virginia wealth as well as loving and caring advise. Thomas not formally educated himself; he studied at Revered Mr. Maurys school, not far from Shadwell. After two years in the spring of 1760, he left his native Albemarle to attend William and Mary College. Jefferson gives evidence of enjoying to the party scene: the music, the dancing, the flirtations, and the punch drinking. After graduating from William and Mary in the spring of 1762, Jefferson studied law five years under George Wythe. Knowledge of the law is essential to an understanding of governmental procedures. He became a successful lawyer starting his career. When Jefferson was turning thirty he started his political career. In January of 1772, he had ma...

EDIT FILE 4 (MICROFINANCE WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT) Essay

EDIT FILE 4 (MICROFINANCE WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT) - Essay Example ability to participate in the decisions that affect their lives at a personal level, which reflects the ‘power to’ that emerges from the concept of empowerment1. (Would it be fitting in the context of Saudi to include the collective level as well (I feel that it could be too big a stretch and ideological. What do you think?) b) women’s personal empowerment in both rural and urban areas in the kingdom. This concept of empowerment is an overarching theme that occurs on many levels: 1) In a general sense, whether women clients have become economically and socially empowered due to the support extended by the micro-finance organization. 2) More specifically, I plan to explore and assess the implications of having access to micro-finance on (control over resources, mobility, decision-making, bargaining power in the household) and socio-economic empowerment (self-confidence, self-esteem) of women clients. To highlight both the positive and negative aspects of micro-finance in the context of Saudi Arabia. A positive aspect, for example, would be for the women to become self-reliant or to have the ability to make major decisions about investments relating to their children’s future. Where as negative aspects could mean that the women would have to work longer hours or suffer an increase in domestic violence, etc. Examine how effective micro-finance can be in tackling the issue of high unemployment rates for women in Saudi. So to investigate whether micro-finance is one of the best solutions? If yes/no, then why? To study the characteristics of BRJ micro-finance beneficiaries by using their demographic and micro-finance profile (age, literacy, family size and type, occupation, loan size, enterprise, income, consumption, savings, etc.), and analyze how micro-finance services has impacted the well-being (investment in children education, health status, and nutritional intake) of the client’s family. This, I believe, is necessary in creating a case for

Law o tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law o tort - Essay Example Stevenson 1932). The claimant should prove that the negligent behaviour of the defendant has caused injury or loss in order to win the case. in the case of North Glamorgan N.H.S. Trust v Walters, it can be seen that the defendant was negligent in that the â€Å"claimant's infant son developed an epileptic fit as a result of the admitted negligence of the defendant trust, which caused irreparable brain damage and death when the child's life support system was turned off.† The act of turning off the support system aggravated the problem and this led to the claimant suffering a pathological grief reaction. The claimant is a secondary victim and is entitled to claim damages as a result of the horrific experience she encountered at the hospital. The psychiatric injury experienced by the claimant is a direct result of the action of the medical staff at the hospital and this is the reason why she is entitled to get damages. Though the defendant does not directly accept the charges, t he facts are so glaring that it can be seen that they are responsible for the illness experienced by the claimant after the horrific incidence. 3. a. ... The harm is a direct result of the actions of the medical staff and these factors were taken into consideration by the trial judge. b. The control mechanism that was in dispute is that the 36 hour period involving all the events that transpired could be held in law as one horrifying event. The defendant also argues that the judge erred when he concluded that the case was sudden since it transpired over a certain period of time that was characterised by changing events. However, the judge upheld that the control mechanisms were satisfied by the claimant in this particular case. . 4. a. The ground for appeal by North Glamorgan N.H.S. Trust is that the judge expanded the control mechanism involved in the case. In other words, the defendants are saying that the judge did not take into account the provisions of the law with regards to the facts that should be considered in case of a secondary victim suffering psychiatric harm as a result of the actions of the defendant. The defendants als o argue that the mother appreciated the removal of the life support system from the child which led to his death. The dependents also tried to invoke certain sections of public policy but it was established that the judge did not take any incremental position in passing the judgement in favour of the claimant. b. The Lord Justice Ward considered the issues that constituted the necessary event in dismissing the appeal by the defendants. The events took place in a progressive way which led the judge to believe that there was an element of secondary causation of psychiatric injury to the claimant. The other issue that was taken into consideration by the judge is that the aspects of proximity in terms of time and relationship between the two